台盼蓝活体染色法观察瓦氏黄颡鱼血脾屏障研究

为探讨瓦氏黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus vachelli)脾脏组织结构和血脾屏障位置,该研究对其脾脏进行了形态大小、组织学和活体染色观察。结果显示,瓦氏黄颡鱼的脾脏位于腹腔中部,呈暗红色,脾体指数为0.120%~0.273%;对健康脾脏制备石蜡切片,分别进行HE染色和改良James染色,显微镜观察发现其脾组织主要由不发达的被膜系统、分界不清的红髓和白髓及由网状纤维和胶原纤维组成的纤维支架构成。其中网状纤维主要位于脾索和椭球体周围,胶原纤维主要位于脾索;使用台盼蓝活体染色法对健康瓦氏黄颡鱼的血脾屏障部位和功能探索发现,台盼蓝主要位于脾脏的椭球体内皮细胞中,最早出现在注射后的第4小时,随时间推移在椭球体内逐渐累积,24 h后数量显著增加,并持续增加至第72小时。结果表明椭球体内皮细胞是血脾屏障的重要组成成分。     

安徽省土地资源开发利用成效与保护对策

"十三五"时期,安徽省积极开展土地资源开发利用工作,取得了较大的成效,建设目标基本实现.该文结合"十三五"时期安徽省土地资源开发利用成效,提出了土地资源建设的保护对策,以期为"十四五"期间土地资源的开发利用提供参考.     

Regional distribution of wheat yield and chemical fertilizer requirements in China

Quantification of currently attainable yield and fertilizer requirements can provide detailed information for assessing the food supply capacity and offer data support for agricultural decision-making. Datasets from a total of 5 408 field experiments were collected from 2000 to 2015 across the major wheat production regions in China to analyze the spatial distribution of wheat yield, the soil nutrient supply capacity(represented by relative yield, defined as the ratio of the yield under the omission of one of nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P) and potassium(K) to the yield under the full NPK fertilizer application), and N, P and K fertilizer requirements by combining the kriging interpolation method with the Nutrient Expert Decision Support System for Wheat. The results indicated that the average attainable yield was 6.4 t ha~(-1), with a coefficient of variation(CV) of 24.9% across all sites. The yields in North-central China(NCC) and the northern part of the Middle and Lower reaches of the Yangtze River(MLYR) were generally higher than 7 t ha~(-1), whereas the yields in Southwest China(SWC), Northeast China(NEC), and the eastern part of Northwest China(NWC) were usually less than 6 t ha~(-1). The precentage of area having a relative yield above 0.70, 0.85, and 0.85 for N, P, and K fertilizers accounted for 52.3, 74.7, and 95.9%, respectively. Variation existed in N, P, and K fertilizer requirements, with a CV of 24.8, 23.9, and 29.9%, respectively, across all sites. More fertilizer was needed in NCC and the northern part of the MLYR than in other regions. The average fertilizer requirement was 162, 72, and 57 kg ha~(-1) for N, P_2O_5, and K_2O fertilizers, respectively, across all sites. The incorporation of the spatial variation of attainable yield and fertilizer requirements into wheat production practices would benefit sustainable wheat production and environmental safety.     

偏高岭土对高强机制砂混凝土性能的影响

利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、压汞法(MIP)、快速氯离子迁移系数法(RCM)等手段,研究了偏高岭土(MK)掺量对高强机制砂混凝土抗压强度以及抗氯离子渗透性能的影响.研究发现: 掺入MK能够有效改善高强机制砂混凝土的力学性能和抗氯离子渗透性能:随MK掺量增加,抗压强度与抗氯离子渗透性能均呈先增大后减小的趋势,最佳MK掺量为8%,此时28 d抗压强度为98.5 MPa,较基准组增加13%,氯离子迁移系数为1.89×10^-12 m²/s,较基准组减小60%.微观结构试验表明适宜的偏高岭土掺量能够有效促进水泥水化;偏高岭土颗粒的晶核效应和微集料填充效应协同作用,使得机制砂混凝土的微观结构更加均匀密实,机制砂混凝土的多害孔、有害孔减少,少害孔增加,从而提高了机制砂混凝土抗压强度和抗氯离子渗透性能.     

根系修剪对枳生长及相关基因表达的影响

以枳实生苗为试验材料,通过两年重复试验分析了不切除主根、切除1/3主根、切除1/2主根、切除2/3主根等4个不同水平根系修剪处理下枳实生苗生长发育、根系构型和营养吸收的情况,并检测了不同水平根系修剪处理对侧根发育关键基因表达量的影响。结果表明,切除1/2主根处理增加了枳实生苗的株高、茎粗、地上部鲜重和根系鲜重,改善了根系构型参数(侧根数、总根长、根表面积和平均长度),增加了根系P、K、Ca、B、Fe、Na和Zn等营养元素含量。另外,实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测发现,根系修剪处理诱导了侧根发育关键基因HOX1和CYP2的积累,并抑制了IAA11和IAA13的表达。综上所述,适度根系修剪可能通过诱导HOX1、CYP2基因的上调和IAA11、IAA13基因的下调来调控枳实生苗侧根的生长发育,改善根系构型,从而提高枳实生苗对营养元素的吸收能力及植株的生长发育。     

除草剂胁迫下3种牧草浸提液对受体植物种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

为探明除草剂胁迫对3种牧草的化感作用，本研究采用室内生测法，采用不同推荐剂量的草铵膦和草甘膦分别处理紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa）、黑麦草（Lolium perenne）和红豆草（Onobrychis viciaefolia）幼苗，测定3种牧草浸提液对受体小白菜（Brassica chinensis）种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响，并结合化感效应值对牧草的化感活性进行分析，旨在为牧草田的杂草防治及科学使用除草剂提供理论参考。结果表明：3种牧草浸提液对受体植物发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、苗高、最大根长及活力指数均具有一定的影响，对最大根长的影响最大；受2种除草剂胁迫后，供试牧草的化感作用均显著高于清水处理，其中草甘膦胁迫后的表现更为明显，其对供试牧草化感作用的强弱顺序为：红豆草>紫花苜蓿>黑麦草。综上，除草剂胁迫下可明显增强紫花苜蓿、红豆草和黑麦草的化感作用。     

标准化生产牦牛不同肌肉组织中矿物质元素含量研究

为研究标准化生产牦牛不同肌肉组织中矿物质元素含量差异,选取年龄和体重相近的麦洼牦牛和金川牦牛各15头,标准化饲养100 d后进行屠宰,采集背最长肌和股二头肌样品测定Ca、P、Mg、K、Na、Fe、Zn、Cu、Mn、Cr等矿物质元素的含量,测定总Hg、总As、Pb、Cd等重金属的含量.结果表明:除个别元素外,标准化生产出栏的牦牛股二头肌中矿物元素含量普遍高于背最长肌;在2种牦牛肌肉中仅检测到Pb,且其含量远低于限定值.这说明经标准化生产出栏的牦牛肉富含各种矿物质元素且无重金属污染,是一种值得推广的优质肉类.     

Effects of DHRS3 in C2C12 Myoblast Differentiation and Mouse Skeletal Muscle Injury

Myoblast differentiation is an essential process during skeletal muscle development. C2 C12 myoblast is a commonly used experimental model to study muscle cell differentiation in vitro. Dehydrogenase/reductase(SDR family) member 3(DHRS3) is a highly conserved member in short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily and has been shown to be involved in the metabolism of retinol. Previous experimental results showed that the expression of DHRS3 increased significantly during the differentiation of myoblasts differentiation. However, the effect of DHRS3 on mouse muscle cell differentiation was unclear. The objective of current study was to determine if DHRS3 affected muscle cell differentiation, and if DHRS3 was involved in muscle regeneration. Protein expression was determined by western blot and immunofluorescence analysis. The activation and inhibition of DHRS3 increased and decreased C2 C12 myoblast differentiation respectively, which indicated that DHRS3 could affect C2 C12 myoblast differentiation. DHRS3 expression was significantly changed during muscle regeneration, with the regeneration of muscle injury, the expression of DHRS3 tended to increase first and then decrease. It suggested that DHRS3 might be involved in muscle regeneration. In summary, this study confirmed the involvement of DHRS3 in C2 C12 myoblast differentiation and mouse skeletal muscle regeneration and provided a theoretical basis for further elucidating the molecular mechanism of muscle development.     

基于GF-1和Sentinel-2时序数据的茶园识别

由于茶园大多分布在地形复杂的山区,地块破碎,分布零散,形状差异大、植被混杂且茶园所处环境长期受到云雨的影响,增加了茶园遥感识别的难度与不确定性,针对这一问题,该研究提出了利用高分1号(GF-1)和哨兵2号(Sentinel-2)时序数据提取茶园的方法,以浙江省武义县王宅镇为研究区,采用GF-1号为主要数据源,并利用MODIS地表反射率产品和Sentinel-2反射率数据,基于时空融合算法得到时间分辨率5 d的10 m Sentinel-2完整的时序数据。综合利用GF-1在空间细节方面的优势和重建的Sentinel-2高观测频率时序数据在反映茶树生长过程方面的优势,分别基于GF-1的光谱和纹理特征及GF-1的光谱、纹理特征和Sentinel-2时序特征两种特征组合方式,采用随机森林算法提取茶园。结果表明,GF-1光谱、纹理信息结合Sentinel-2时序信息分类结果的准确率、错误率、精确率、召回率和F1分数分别为96.91%、3.09%、89.00%、83.09%和0.86,仅基于GF-1光谱和纹理信息的分类准确率、错误率、精确率、召回率和F1分数分别为94.72%、5.28%、73.09%、84.61%和0.78,添加时序信息分类结果总体优于未添加时序信息的分类结果。表明高空间分辨率结合高频率时序遥感数据是提高茶园分类精度的有效手段。     

小麦4B染色体上LOX基因的等位变异及其区域分布

为了解中国不同麦区小麦种质资源籽粒脂肪氧化酶（lipoxygenase,LOX）活性相关基因TaLox-B1的差异和分布,利用小麦4B染色体上的功能标记LOX16和LOX18对7个麦区的436份种质资源进行分子检测。结果表明：在供试材料中共检测到3种TaLox-B1基因等位变异类型,分别为TaLox-B1a（与高LOX活性相关)、TaLox-B1b（与低LOX活性相关）和杂合型,其频率分别为19.0％、70.4％和10.6％。小麦LOX活性基因不同变异类型在各生态区的分布存在明显差异：基因型TaLox-B1a在黄淮冬麦区、北部冬麦区和长江中下游冬麦区分布较多,其比例分别为21.1%、19.8%和17.6%;基因型TaLox-B1b在西南冬麦区和长江中下游冬麦区分布较多,比例分别为87.9%、72.5%;杂合型仅存在于北部冬麦区、黄淮冬麦区与长江中下游冬麦区,比例分别为14.2%、12.4%和9.8%。利用标记LOX16和LOX18对53个自选高代品系进行分子检测,发现自选品系仅有TaLox-B1b与杂合型两种基因型,其中基因型TaLox-B1ab有32个,比例为60.4%。采用分子标记辅助选择,有利于快速鉴定小麦籽粒LOX活性,加速LOX的遗传改良和新品种选育。